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Monday 30 December 2013

Oral Anatomy

The facial muscle contraction is monitored by receptors in
Tendons (golgi tendon organs); Muscles (muscle spindles); Other receptors( skin, joint)
The fibers that are capable of rapid contraction and high tension but fatigue rapidly is the
Type I or phasic fibers. The type II or tonic functioning fibers handle lower contraction tension and is resistant to fatigue.
The lateral pterygoid muscles function to stabilize the tempromandibular joint and is made predominantly of
Type II or Tonic fibers
The path of opening and closing of the condyle without involving the translation of condyle is the
Centric relation
In natural dentition
Centric occlusion is anterior to centric relation by 1 millimeters
The centric relation is
Tooth determined position. The condyle in the articular fossa determines the centric relation
Basic movements of condyle include(s)
Hinge movement; Gliding movement; Translation
In lateral excursion of mandible, the condyle appears to rotate with a slight lateral shift referred as
Bennett movement
The maximum lateral shift is
10-12 millimeters. Protrusive movement is 8 to 11 millimeters and retrusive movement is 1 millimeter.
The superior head of lateral pterygoid muscle functions to
Close jaw. The inferior head functions to open jaw

Thursday 26 December 2013

Oral Anatomy

The major arterial supply to the jaw is via the
Internal maxillary artery. The internal maxillary artery is a branch of external carotid artery
The internal alveolar artery branches from internal maxillary artery just
Medial to ramus of mandible
The gasserian ganglion is at the
Petrous part of temporal bone
The parasympathetic ganglion associated with maxillary nerve is the
Pterygopalatine ganglion
The mylohyoid nerve branch is associated with
Sphenomandibular ligament
The middle and anterior palatine branch of maxillary nerve enters the palate through the
Minor palatine foramen. The posterior palatine branches pass through the major palatine foramen.
The long axes of the condyloid process if prolonged would meet at a point anterior to foramen magnum at an angle of
135 degrees
The tempromandibular ligament is the external portion of the
Capsular ligament
The accessory fibers of the stylomandibular ligament is the
Stylomandibular ligament
The suspensory ligaments of the tempromandibular joint are the
Tempromandibular and sphenomandibular ligaments

Monday 23 December 2013

Oral Anatomy

The maxillary nerve leaves the cranium through the
Foramen rotandum
Mandibular nerve passes through
Foramen ovale
Facial nerve leaves cranium through
Stylomastoid foramen
The ganglion associated with maxillary nerve is the
Sphenopalatine ganglion
The ganglion associated with ophthalmic nerve is
Ciliary ganglion
The ganglion associated with mandibular nerve is
Submandibular ganglion and Otic ganglion
 The nasociliary nerve comes out through the
Superior orbital fissure
The sensory root and motor root of mandibular nerve unite
After leaving foramen ovale
The motor roots of mandibular division of the fifth cranial nerve are derived from the motor cells located at the
Medulla oblongata
The greater petrosal nerve is associated with
Sphenopalatine ganglion

Thursday 19 December 2013

Oral Anatomy

The sensory root of the fifth cranial nerve enter the brain stem through the
Pons
The semilunar ganaglion is located in the
Meckel’s cavity
The sensory root of the fifth cranial nerve is made up of
Unipolar neurons
The ascending fibers of the central branches of the sensory root of the fifth cranial nerve terminate in
Upper sensory nucleus
The ascending fibers of the central branches of the sensory root of the fifth cranial nerve convey
Tactile discrimination; Passive movement; Sense of position
The main nucleus of the fifth cranial nerve is with the
Dorsal trigeminothalamic tract
The bulbospinal nucleus is _______ and associated with __________________.
Ventral trigeminothalamic tract and pain, temperature
The mesencephalic nucleus convey the impulses from
Tempromandibular joint, palate, Periodontal membrane and teeth, Stretch receptor from muscle fibers. The nucleus conveys and interprets the proprioceptive impulses from all these areas.
The smallest division of trigeminal nerve is the
Ophthalmic nerve
The ophthalmic nerve leaves the cranium through the
Superior orbital fissure

Monday 16 December 2013

Oral Anatomy

The anterior facial vein is connected to cavernous sinus through
Superior ophthalmic vein; Deep facial vein; Pterygoid plexus of vein
The upper pole of the parotid gland is pierced by the
Auriculotemporal nerve; Superficial temporal vessels; Temporal branch of facial nerve
Lower pole of parotid gland overlaps the
Posterior belly of digastric
The insertion of the medial pterygoid muscle is into the
Medial surface of mandibular ramus
The parotid duct pierces the buccinator muscle and opens into the oral vestibule usually opposite the
Maxillary first-second molar
The piriform recess is located
On either side of the larynx within the laryngopharynx
The recess above the palatine tonsil is
plica semilunaris
The  recess posterior to the salpingopharyugeal folds within the nasopharynx is
pharyngeal recess
Recess between glossoepiglottic fold is
Vallecula
The sensory root of the fifth cranial nerve arise from the
Semilunar ganglion

Thursday 12 December 2013

Oral Anatomy/ Tooth Morphology

The mental foramen opens on the exterior surface of mandible below the
Mandibular second premolar
The origin of mylohyoid muscle is the
Internal oblique ridge
The fossa above the mylohyoid line is the
Sublingual fossa. The sublingual fossa houses the sublingual salivary glands while the fossa below the mylohyoid line is the digastric fossa and the submaxillary fossa.
Lingula gives attachment to the
Sphenomandibular ligament
All the muscles of facial expression lie
In superficial facial plane
The muscle of facial expression arises from
Mesoderm of second pharyngeal arch
Varying expressions produced on face are side-effects of
Contraction of many facial muscles
Whistling muscle is the
Buccinator
The parotid duct before opening in to oral cavity pierces the
Buccinator
Circular fibers of lip include
Levator anguli oris; Depressor anguli oris; Buccinator

Monday 9 December 2013

Oral Anatomy

The horizontal ledge extending medially from the nasal surface of the maxilla is the
Palaltine process
Foramina of Stenson carries
Nasopalatine nerves
Foramina of Scarpi  carries
Descending septal artery
The facial plate of maxillary alveolar process is
Thin. But the buccal plates of second and third molars are thick
The maxillary alveolus that is kidney shaped with the hilus part in its mesial surface is the
First premolar. In the second premolar, the hilus is in distal surface. The reason for the kidney shaped is due to the developmental grooves in the teeth and subsequently occupied by the alveolar bone.
Medially maxilla articulates with
Inferior turbinate; Vomer; Opposite maxilla
In the lower border of mandible, proximal to symphysis are two prominences called
Mental tubercles
The triangular surface formed by the symphysis and mental tubercles is the
Mental protrubence
The condylar and coronoid process is separated by the
Sigmoid notch
The concave pit medially below the neck of condyle is the
Pterygoid fossa

Thursday 5 December 2013

Tooth Morphology/Oral Anatomy

The pulp in pulp chamber as compared to the pulp in pulp canal is more
Cellular
The odontoblast in the mature adult coronal pulp are
Cuboidal
The projection of pulp in roof of pulp chamber is the
Pulp horn
The largest labiolingual root dimensions is observed with
Permanent mandibular canine
The maxilla contains
4 processes; 4 surfaces. The processes of maxilla are zygomatic, frontal, palatine and alveolar processes and surfaces are facial, infratemporal, orbital and nasal surfaces.
The facial and orbital surface of maxilla are separated by
Infra orbital ridge
Of the three canals of the permanent maxillary first molar, a curved canal is often the
Mesiobuccal
Canine fossa is directly above the
Roots of upper premolar
The shape of the infratemporal surface is approximately
Convex
The thin medial edge of orbital surface of maxilla is notched anteriorly to from
Lacrimal groove

Monday 2 December 2013

Tooth Morphology

A kidney shaped alveolus that is wider faciolingually than mesiodistally is in
Permanent mandibular first premolar
Maximum rotation and translation of both condyles takes place during
Hinge movement
The movement that cannot be seen in horizontal plane diagram of jaw movements is the
Vertical movement
The presence of horizontal overlap in molars prevents the
Cheek biting
The major supporting cusp in the permanent maxillary first molar is the
Mesiopalatal. The other supporting cusps of dentition are the lingual cusps of maxillary posterior teeth and buccal cusps of mandibular posterior teeth.
In the permanent mandibular first molar, the central stop is provided by the
Central fossa
The oblique ridge in the occlusal surface of the permanent mandibular first molar fits in to the concave sulcus formed by the junction of the
Distobuccal groove; Central groove; Lingual groove
The outline form of pulp chamber corresponds to the
Shape of crown. The pulp canal corresponds to the root shape
Radiograph of the teeth does not reveal features of the
Mesial & distal aspect
The root canal of the posterior teeth near the apex breaks in to multiple tiny canals system called as
The delta system. Each of such extra canals is called as an accessory canal and when in middle third it is called as lateral canals.