oral physiology-1

Questions	Answer
The process of salivary protein secretion is via a process called	Exocytosis
The secretion of fluid component of saliva is initiated by the	Release of calcium ions
In a salivary acini chloride ions are found in large numbers along the	Luminal surface
In a salivary acini potassium ions are found in large numbers along the	Basolateral surface
The sodium ions moves across the salivary acini in a	Paracellular pathway
The nerve innervations to salivary gland can be	Either epilemmal or hypolemmal
In the hypolemmal type of nervous innervation, the axons	Lose their schwann cell covering
The basement membrane of the salivary acini is penetrated when the innervation to it is by	Purely hypolemmal
The sympathetic stimulation of salivary gland result in a	Protein secretion
The parasympathetic stimulation of salivary gland result in a	Water and electrolyte secretion
The buffer system of saliva include(s) the	Bicarbonate buffer system; Phosphate buffer system; Protein buffer system
A unit cell of biologic apatite crystals has a shape of a	Stubby rhomboic pattern
The layer of water around each apatite crystallite is referred as	Hydration shell
The layer(s) of crystal is (are)	Crystal interior; Crystal surface and Hydration shell
The calcium in apatite crystal can be substituted by	Magnesium
The fluoride ion on reacting with apatite crystals takes up the position of	Hydroxyl ions. So does the chloride ion
In an apatite crystal the hydroxyl and phosphate can be substituted by	Carbonate
The fluoride substitution in biological apatite crystals	Decreases solubility
The carbonate substitution in biological apatite crystals	Increases solubility
The magnesium substitution in biological apatite crystals	Inhibit crystal growth. Sodium has also similar effect
The electron microscope appearance of an apatite crystals is	Needle like
The vesicles of the matrix vesicle theory causes	Only initial mineralization
The minerals in hard tissue during mineralization lie	Lie at the gap zones
In a mature hard tissue the minerals are placed	Incorporated within the collagen fibrils
The function of alkaline phosphatase is to hydrolyze	Phosphate ions from organic radicals at alkaline pH
The role of pyrophosphates,  found in the zone of active mineralization is	To prevent crystal enlargement
A cell possess a cytoskeleton made up of	Microtubule and filaments
The transmembrane that attach to the extracellular matrix to the cell and often found in the macula occludens type of cell junction is the	Integrins
The common glycoprotein in the basement membrane is the	Laminin
The function of cytoskeleton include (s)	Support cell and cell junction; Intracellular transport; Motility
Tubulin is a type of	Microtubule
Microfilaments provide the cell with	Shape; Cytoplasmic movement; Cell contractility
The calcium dependent transmembrane protein that are found in adherens type of cell junction is the	Cadehrins
The common proteoglycan in the basement membrane is the	Heparan sulphate
Fibroblast synthesize	Collagen; Oxytalan, elastin, elaunin; Ground substance
The collagen is made up of	3 poly peptide alpha chains
All type of collagen have	High glycine content ; Always contain hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine; Triple helix configuration arrangement
The class of collagen that have interruption in triple helix of fibrils is the	Third domain collagen
Decorins bind	Collagen
The fast pain is carried by the	C fibers
The type C nerve fibers predominantly carries the	Slow chronic pain
Receptors specialized for sensing pain is	Free nerve ending
When a patient has a low pain tolerance he has	Hyperalgesia
The chemicals that stimulate the chemical type of pain receptors includes	Bradykinnin, Histamine, Serotonin, Potassium ions, Acids
The fast pain nerves travels at a speed of	6-30 meters / second
The predominant pathway (s) by which the fast pain is conducted is the	Neospinothalamic pathway
The paleospinothalamic pathway predominantly involves the	Slow type of pain
The first order neuron of neospinothalamic tract terminates at	Lamina marginlais
In neospinothalamic tract, from the dorsal spinal root, to the dorsal horn pass through	Tract of Lissauer
Tract of Lissauer lies immediately posterior to the	Dorsal horn of gray matter
Neospinothalamic tract ends at	Ventrobasal complex
Substansia gelatinosa is formed by the	Lamina II and III
Substansia gelatinosa is associated with	Paleospinothalamic pathway
When type C nerve fibers synapse in dorsal horn of spinal cord they release a neurpolypeptide called	Substance P
Slow pain pathway terminates at area	Reticular nuclei; Tectal area; Periaqueductal gray region
The dorsal column nuclei consist of the	Cuneate and gravile nuclei
The cell membrane of a muscle fiber is	Sarcolemma
Each myofibril is made up of	3000 actin and 1500 actin filaments
“I” in I bands of muscle refers to ____________ property of them under polarized light	Isotrophic
The filaments in muscle in the region of A bands are	Anisotrophic
The space between two successive Z disc is referred as	Sarcomere
Myofibrils are suspended in a matrix of	Sarcoplasm
Muscle contraction occurs by a	Sliding filament mechanism
The myosin is formed by	2 heavy chain and 4 light chain
Actin filaments are made up of	Actin; Tropomyosin; Troponin
The increase in tension in muscle during muscle contraction is called	Active tension
The continuous rhythmic chewing movements are brought about by stimulation of	Reticular formation
The involuntary phase of deglutition includes	Pharyngeal and esophageal phase
The swallowing receptor areas are triggered by the stimulation of	Tonsillar pillars
During the pharyngeal phase of deglutition the palatopharyngeal folds	Approximate at midline
The neural control of the pharyngeal phase of deglutition is by the	Trigeminal, glossopharyngeal nerve
The deglutition center(s) is(are) situated at	Medulla and lower pons
The motor innervations for deglutition is via the	5th, 9th, 10th, 12th Cranial nerves
The secondary peristaltic movement during deglutition is caused by	Distention of esophagus by food
The parasympathetic supply to salivary glands is from the	Salivatory nucleus
Salivatory nuclei lies at the	In medulla and pons
The sympathetic innervation of salivary glands is from the	Superior cervical ganglion
During saliva formation, in the duct the sodium ions are	Actively resorbed
During the salivary modification in salivary ducts, potassium ions are	Actively secreted
The chloride ions are ________ during the modification of saliva in the ducts before opening in to oral cavity	Passively resorbed
Bicarbonate in saliva is secreted by the	Ductal epithelium
Collagen is secreted from fibroblast as the	Procollagen
Post-transitional assembly of collagen  involves	Lysyl oxidase; Lsylhydroxylase; Procollagen peptidase
An amorphous protein when occurring alone in sheets and lamellae in the extracellular matrix is the	Elastin
Elastic fiber is initially secreted as a	Tubular glycoprotein
A large proteoglycan bonding cell surface glycoprotein to extracellular matrix is the	Versican
The proteoglycan that along with fibronectin anchors fibroblast to extracellular matrix is	Perlecan
Most of the mineral in dentin is observed within the	Collagen. 56% of the mineral in dentin occurs inside the collagen fibers.
The mean number of nerve fibers entering a typical premolar is about	900 fibers
Near the dentinoenamel junction each nerve fiber is estimated to provide at least	8 terminal branches
The nerve ending limited to the capsule of the tempromandibular joint is the	Ruffini end organ. Along with the Pacinian corpuscles, this organ is limited to the capsule of the temporomandibular joint.
The nerve endings limited to the ligaments of the tempromandibular joint is the	Golgi tendon organ
The type of nerve endings that is most abundant in the temporomandibular joint is the	Free nerve endings
The hard tissue that has no collagen in its matrix is the	Enamel
Hard tissue accepts minerals in the form of	Hydroxyapatite crystals
Apatite crystals are in the shape of	Needle
During hard tissue formation a local increase in concentration of inorganic  ions permitting  a number of crystallite to form is the	Homogenous nucleation
The presence of a nucleating substance occurs in	Heterogenous nucleation
In hard tissue formation, initial mineral deposition in collagen occurs at	Gap zones
Resting lines in bone show high amount of	Sulphur. Calcium and phosphate ions are low in amount in these resting lines.
Microfilaments are made up of	Actin
“Intracellular muscle of cells” are	Myosin
Intermediate filaments determine the	Cell shape
Belts of a junction between cells is known as	Zonulae. When a junction occurs in spot it is called as maculae.
In cell-to-cell contact, microfilaments are associated with	Adhesion belt
In cell-to-matrix contact, microfilaments are associated with	Focal contact
Desmosomes are associated with	Cadherins
Hemidesmosomes are associated with	Integrins
The type of collagen that has a chicken wire configuration is the	Type IV collagen
In an embryonic fibroblast, cell-to-cell contact is predominantly maintained via	Gap junction
In ligament fibroblasts, cell-to cell contact is predominantly maintained via	Adhesion type
In ligament fibroblasts, cell-to matrix contact is predominantly maintained via	Focal contact
The collagen that does not exist in fibrous form is the	Type VII collagen
During collagen synthesis, before the helix formation, occurs the proline and lysine residues undergo	Hydroxylation
In the synthesis of collagen, the disulphide bonding at C terminal extension brings about	Proper alignment
Procollagen molecules are in	Non-staggered configuration
The time between the formation and secretion of collagen molecule is the	Transit time
The transit time of human collagen molecule is	35 to 60 minutes
Mobilization and migration of epithelial cells is visualized in histology as	Widening of intercellular spaces
During the rapid repair of a non-infected oral wound by primary retention, the epithelial cells exhibit	Pentose phosphate shunt